All complex biological systems—like the DNA, RNA and proteins constantly being copied and built within our cells—are prone to errors. That means as life evolved to be more elaborate, it also had to ...

By drawing together evolution's longest-running experiments and field studies for the first time, Stroud and Ratcliff offer key insights into studying this fundamental process, suggesting that ...

Evolutionary processes encompass the mechanisms by which biological variation arises, is sorted and is transmitted across generations. Mutation generates genetic novelty, natural selection filters ...

Marine reptiles have evolved multiple times from terrestrial ancestors. The group encompasses diverse lineages that invaded the sea during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Key radiations include the ...

Introduction : how to write history of biology -- The place of biology in the sciences and its conceptual structure -- The changing intellectual milieu of biology Diversity of life. Macrotaxonomy, the ...